Lactose
Intolerance

What is lactose intolerance?
What causes it?
What are the symptoms?
Who are affected?
What's the difference?


Milk Allergies

What are milk allergies?
What causes it?
What are the symptoms?
What's the difference?

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What is lactose intolerance?

Lactose intolerance is a condition in which the body is not able to easily digest foods that contain lactose, or the natural sugar that is found in dairy products. Once lactose is in the body, it needs to be broken down into two simple sugars, glucose and galactose, to be absorbed into the blood stream. People who are lactose intolerant have a shortage of lactase enzymes that break down lactose into these sugars. When lactase is missing or there is not enough of it to digest the lactose consumed, the results may be very distressing (see symptoms) for the person. While not all persons deficient in lactase have the same symptoms if at all, those who do are considered to be lactose intolerant.




What causes lactose intolerance?

Lactose intolerance is caused by the inability of the digestive system to break down lactose into glucose. Lactase is the protein (enzyme) responsible for breaking down lactose into glucose. Therefore, the lack of lactose causes lactose intolerance. However, different persons may have different amounts of lactase produced. In most cases, lactose intolerance develops slowly over time. In many people, the body begins to produce less lactase beginning around two years old. As these people become older, they lose the ability to produce lactase, but symptoms of lactose intolerance may not appear until well after childhood. No one knows why this occurs. In other cases, certain digestive diseases or injuries to the small intestine can cause lactose intolerance.




What are the symptoms of lactose intolerance?

Since lactose is not broken into glucose, and absorbed by the body, the conditions found in the intestines help the lactose to ferment and this leads to the formation of gases. The symptoms of lactose intolerance consist of:

- Gas
- bloating
- stomach cramps
- diarrhea
- headaches
- nausea

These symptoms may begin within as little as 30 minutes or up to two hours after eating or drinking foods that contain lactose. The severity of symptoms is different for each person, and depends on how much lactose a person can tolerate.Some of the symptoms may be similar to those of milk allergy but milk allergies can cause body to react quicker, more often within a few minutes.
Compare the symptoms of lactose intolerance with those of milk allergy.




Who is affected by lactose intolerance?

An estimated 30 to 50 million Americans (about 25% of the United States population) are affected by lactose intolerance. While this condition is least common among Caucasians (about 15% of adults), it is widespread among other ethnic groups. It is estimated that 70% of African-American, 74% of Native American, 53% of Mexican-American, and 90% of Asian American adults are affected.





What is milk intolerance?

Milk allergy is caused when the immunity system reacts against the proteins found in milk. This happens due to the lack of the immune system to learn to recognize milk proteins as being harmless. When unwanted bodies (proteins) enter our system the immune system is altered and reacts against the protein to destroy it and protect our body. For instance, if bacteria enters our body through the skin, the proteins that make up the bacteria (which are different than ours) act as a trigger to the immune system to get rid of it. Once this trigger is reached by the immune system a chain of reactions happen in order to expel and reject these unwanted proteins (bacteria). Therefore the first cells that react are those beneath the the skin to avoid the bacteria to travel further while other parts of the immune system stay on the alert. When milk is ingested (into someone who is allergic to milk) the proteins present come in touch with the immune system but unfortunately the immune system fails to recognize them and believes they are unwanted and harmful proteins. Hence, the reactions start.




What causes milk intolerance?

The cause of an allergy is the inappropriate or exaggerated reactions of the immune system to a variety of substances. The function of the immune system is to recognize foreign proteins (antigens) on the surfaces of microorganisms and to form antibodies (also known as immunoglobulins). When the immune system next encounters the same antigens, the antibodies interact with them, leading to destruction of the microorganisms. In allergies, a similar immune response occurs, except that the immune system forms antibodies against harmless substances - because these allergens, as they are called, are misidentified as potential harmful proteins. The inappropriate or exaggerated reactions seen in allergies are termed hypersensitivity reactions. See a list of products and allergens that cause allergic reaction. Food preservatives and colourings (E colours, e.g. E120) may also be a great factor that may cause severe allergies.




What are the symptoms of milk allergies?

An allergy is caused when an allergen enters our body system. The symptoms of a milk protein allergy fall into 3 types of reactions:


Skin Reactions:

- Itchy red rash
- Hives
- Eczema
- Swelling of lips, mouth, tongue, face or throat
- Puffy black eyes


Stomach and Intestinal Reactions:

- Abdominal pain and bloating
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Gas
- Cramps

Nose, Throat and Lung Reactions:

- Runny Nose
- Sneezing
- Watery and/or Itchy eyes
- Coughing
- Wheezing
- Shortness of Breath

The milk allergy symptoms are not only restricted to people suffering from milk allergy. Many other people can show these symptoms to basically any other immune reaction.





What's the difference between milk allergies and lactose intolerance?

It is very important to know the difference between food allergy and food intolerance. These terms are often used interchangeably when there is an adverse reaction to food, but they do not mean the same thing.


Food Allergy Occurs when

- The body's immune system reacts to a food protein
- The offending food triggers an allergic reaction
- i.e.people with a milk allergy must avoid all milk protein

Food Intolerance

- Is an adverse reaction to a food that does not involve the immune system
- Triggered by a physical reaction to a food or food additive
- i.e. lactose intolerance